Abstract
Probiotics and vitamins face substantial challenges in preserving their viability and stability during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal transit. This study aimed to develop co-encapsulated formulations comprising Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JYLP-326 and vitamin B12 (vitB12) using a fluidized bed coating.
Highlights
- Probiotics and vitB12 co-coated granules are prepared using Wurster-type fluidization.
- HPMCAS coating film enhances probiotic viability and stabilizes vitB12.
- TR and OA as plasticizers impact the properties of HPMCAS coating films.
- HPMCAS-TR enhances pH-responsive release by strengthening hydrogen bonding network.
The coating agents had no effect on the adhesion capability of probiotics. The coatings used included a single hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and two composite HPMCAS systems incorporating either the hydrophilic triacetin (TR) or lipophilic oleic acid plasticizer. The physicochemical properties of the HPMCAS films were modulated by the inclusion of different plasticizers, thereby influencing the performance of the coated granules. The fluidized bed-coating process effectively preserved probiotic viability and vitB12 stability. The integration of TR into HPMCAS enhanced the pH-responsive controlled release by reinforcing the hydrogen bonding network. This feature resulted in only 3.3 % of vitB12 released in simulated gastric fluid and 94.7 % released in simulated intestinal fluid, while maintaining probiotic viability at over 95 % survival.
All coated granules demonstrated high probiotic survival rates, exceeding 97 %, during a 10-day storage period at 4 °C and 25 °C, although the presence of plasticizers reduced thermal resistance at 40 °C. This study demonstrates that HPMCAS-based fluidized bed coating, optimized with specific plasticizers, represents an effective approach for encapsulating sensitive bioactive components while preserving their functional efficacy throughout manufacturing, storage and consumption. The extensive data obtained in this study offer a basis for established strategies aimed at developing oral fortified foods that enhance stability and facilitate controlled release.
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Materials
The probiotic strain, L. plantarum JYLP-326 (lyophilized powder using maltodextrin as a matrix, 108 CFU/g concentration of probiotic strain), was purchased from Zhongke-Jiayi Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Weifang, Shandong, China). VitB12 (Cyanocobalamin; >99 % purity) was purchased from Yuxing Bioengineering Co. Ltd. (Xingtai, Hebei, China). HPMCAS (AQOAT AS-LF) was provided by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). OA and TR plasticizers were obtained from Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. (Gardena, CA, USA) and Macklin Biochemicals (Shanghai, China), respectively. De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth and agar were obtained from Hope Bio-Technology Co. Ltd. (Qingdao, Shandong, China). Digestive enzymes included porcine pepsin (≥3000 U/mg, BBI Life Sciences, Shanghai, China) and bovine trypsin (≥250 U/mg, BBI Life Sciences). Fluorescent labeling (fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I, FITC) and all cell culture reagents were obtained from Solarbio Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Commercially available ultrapure water (Wahaha Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China) was used for all experiments.
Yuqian Yan, Dandan Song, Linlin He, Yanna Zhao, Lili Wang, Xiao Wang, Hui Yan, Zhuang Ding, Zhengping Wang,
Optimizing stability and controlled release of co-encapsulated probiotics and vitamin B12 using fluidized bed coating: impact of plasticizers on tailored HPMCAS-coated granules, Current Research in Food Science, Volume 11, 2025, 101191, ISSN 2665-9271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101191.
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